10. Learning and Resilience Chair: Fikret Berkes, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Panel members: Raul Lejano, Planning Policy and Design, University of California, Irvine, USA Derek Armitage, Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Institute Environmental Systems Science, University of Osnabrueck, Germany Description: The theme of learning, as in social and institutional learning, is key to adaptive management, and has always been part of the background of resilience discussions. Recent work on learning in a number of resource and environmental areas, including water basin studies, integrated conservation-development planning and adaptive co-management, raises a number of issues that are of broad relevance to the resilience community. In particular, learning at different scales has a number of implications that will be discussed in the proposed panel.